Manual / Guide · 1978
Full English text of the 1978 NVA manual: specifications, key packages, daily key tables, key card, message keys, indicator groups, enciphering/deciphering workflow, de-garbling, worked examples (112 pp.; some pages missing in the original copy)
Translation by JMcC, U.K. 2.7.1 - 1 - GVS B 434-109/78 NATIONALE VOLKSARMEE Of The D.D.R. CHIFFRIERSACHE! Secret classified information GVS No.: B 434-109/78 Copy 0595 84 sheets A 040/1/321 Operations manual for M-125 1978 Translation by JMcC, U.K. 2.7.1 - 2 - Page 2 missing. GVS B 434-109/78 Translation by JMcC, U.K. 2.7.1 - 3 - GVS B 434-109/78 Introduction rules for A 040/1/321 These instructions 040/1/321 – System M-125 (Cipher Machine Models M-125-3MN and M-125-MN – Operations Manual) - is adopted and comes into force on 01 December 1978. At the same time, the following expire and must be destroyed: a) Usage instructions for the FIALKA system, GVS-XI/897/70; b) New rules for the retrieval (i.e., usage) and destruction of FIALKA system Message Key Tables, GVSNo. A 411 549. O.U., 01 Dec. 1978 Chef Nachrichten. Translation by JMcC, U.K. 2.7.1 - 4 - Page 4 missing. GVS B 434-109/78 Translation by JMcC, U.K. 2.7.1 - 5 - GVS B 434-109/78 Contents Page 1. Purpose 11 2. Ciphering equipment 12 2.1. The Cipher Machine Models M-125-3MN/M-125-MN 12 2.1.1. General 12 2.1.2. Technical Specifications 12 2.1.3. Unpacking the equipment set. 13 2.1.4. Ciphering elements of the Cipher Machine. 14 2.1.5. Maintenance of the Cipher Machine. 15 2.1.6. Packing up the equipment set 19 2.2. The Key Packages 20 2.2.1. General 20 2.2.2. Retrieval, verification, storage and destruction 20 2.2.3. Daily Key Package 21 2.2.4. Message Key Package 24 2.2.5 Identification Group Packages for general traffic 26 2.3. Key Validity 27 3. Pre-editing the plain-texts 28 3.1. General 28 3.2. Plain-Text Processing - Outline 31 3.3. Pre-editing the plain-texts in Letter Number-Special Characters Text Mode (model M-1253MN, Text Mode switch to "Bu"("Б") "Mi"("С")) 32 Translation by JMcC, U.K. 2.7.1 - 6 - GVS B 434-109/78 Page 3.4. Pre-editing German-language plain-texts in German Letter-Number Text Mode (models M-125MN, and M-125-3MN, Text Mode switch set to "Bu" ("Б")) 32 3.5. Pre-editing pure Number text (model M-125-3MN, Text Mode switch set to "Zi" ("Ц")) 34 4. Commissioning the Cipher Machine. 36 4.1. General 36 4.2. Operations when working with AC voltage (127/220 V) 36 37 4.3. Operations when working with DC voltage (24 V) 37 38 5. Checking the Cipher Machine for functionality 39 5.1. General 39 5.2. Checking the Cipher Machine in the "K" ("О") (plain-text) Operating Mode. 39 5.3. Checking the Cipher Machine in the Operating Modes "C" ("З") (Enciphering) and "D" ("Р") (Deciphering) 42 6. Preparing and printing a paper-tape 45 6.1. General 45 6.2 Workflow for the creation of a punched papertape 45 Translation by JMcC, U.K. 2.7.1 - 7 - GVS B 434-109/78 Page 6.3. Inserting a punched-tape into the tape-reader 46 6.4. Printing and copying a paper-tape 46 7. Enciphering 48 7.1. General 48 7.2. Setting the Daily Key. 48 7.2.1. General 48 7.2.2. Key Card 49 7.2.3. Setting disassemblable rotors using the Daily Key Table. 50 7.2.4. Setting non-disassemblable rotors using the Daily Key Table. 51 7.3. Message Key Setting 52 7.3.1. General 52 7.3.2. Message Key Setting for individual or circular traffic. 52 7.3.3. Generating the Message Keys for general traffic 53 7.4. Message Detail Groups 56 7.4.1. General 56 7.4.2. System Indicator Group 56 7.4.3. Traffic Type Group 56 7.4.4. Identification Group(s) 57 7.4.5. Service Group 57 7.5. Workflow for enciphering 58 7.5.1. General 58 7.5.2. Enciphering with printing to paper-tape 58 7.5.3. Enciphering with output to punched-tape 61 Translation by JMcC, U.K. 2.7.1 - 8 - GVS B 434-109/78 Page 8. Deciphering 64 8.1. General 64 8.2. Workflow for deciphering 64 8.2.1. Reproduction of the Message Detail Groups 64 8.2.2. Determining the traffic type and the key 65 8.2.3. Deciphering the cipher-text 67 9. De-garbling 69 9.1. No deciphering possible 69 9.2. Garbling during deciphering 69 9.2.1. Deciphering upon presentation of a cipher text printed on paper 70 9.2.2. Deciphering upon presentation of a ciphertext punched on paper-tape 70 9.2.3. Deciphering a cipher text in Text Mode "Mi" ("С") 71 10. Check-back queries 73 11. Security regulations 74 11.1. General 74 11.2. Incidents and emergency measures 74 12. Examples 77 13. Pre-editing Russian-language plain-texts 97 Table: Substitution table for diacritics 85 Translation by JMcC, U.K. 2.7.1 - 9 - GVS B 434-109/78 Page Figure 1 Daily Key Table for use with disassemblable rotors 22 Figure 2 Daily Key Table for use with nondisassemblable rotors 23 Figure 3 Key Card No 14. 24 Figure 4 Message Key Table 25 Figure 5 Identification Group tables 26 Figure 6 Rotor set 86 Figure 7 Disassemblable rotor 87 Figure 8 Cipher Machine M-125-3MN with housing removed 88 Figure 9 Cipher Machine M-125-3MN 89 Figure 10 The Paper-tape Punch 90 Figure 11 The Power Train of the Cipher Machine 91 Figure 12 Assignment of the print-wheel being used and the setting of the Text Mode switch for determining the effective keyboard segment in the cipher machine M-125-3MN. 91 Figure 13 Texts for Testing Purposes 92 Opening the Daily Key Package type "OSV-25-N" and "OSB-25-N" Figure 14 Daily Key Package 111 112 Translation by JMcC, U.K. 2.7.1 - 10 - GVS B 434-109/78 Page Workflows Commissioning according to Section 4[P36]. 93 Checking for correct functioning in accordance with Section 5[P39]. 94 Enciphering in accordance with Section 7[P48]. 95 Deciphering in accordance with Section 8[P64]. 96 Examples 1, 2, 3: 77 4, 5, 6: 78 7, 8, 9, 10: 79 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16: 80 17, 18, 19, 20: 81 21, 22, 23, 24, 25: 82 26, 27: 83 28, 29, 30: 84 Translation by JMcC, U.K. 1. 2.7.1 - 11 - GVS B 434-109/78 Purpose The M-125 cipher-system is a machine-based system for stationary and mobile use. It is used for processing German or Russian plain-texts and pure number texts. Only pre-ciphering is possible. The M-125 system is approved for the processing of information to and including classification level GVS. Messages enciphered by the M-125 system can be transmitted by any means of communication, including radio. Using this system, individual, circular, and general traffic can be handled. There are Key Areas with up to 600 participants allowed. Translation by JMcC, U.K. 2. 2.7.1 - 12 - GVS B 434-109/78 Ciphering equipment. The M-125 cipher-system consists of the following ciphering equipment: (1) Cipher Machine Model M-125-3MN or M-125-MN with its ciphering elements and Power Supply Unit (forming the set of components), (2) The Key Packages, (3) The current rules for the M-125 system, (4) Technical descriptions for the Models M-125-3MN and/or M-125-MN. 2.1 The Cipher Machine Models M-125-3MN / M-125-MN 2.1.1 General Between the Cipher Machine Models M-125-3MN and M-125-MN basis of these provisions cooperation is possible if - the same key setting is used (note Section 7.2.1[P48] sub-section (4)) - the pre-editing of the plain-text of the LetterNumber text is completed (see Sections 3.1[P28], 3.2[P31], 3.4[P32]). 2.1.2 Technical Specifications (1) Input voltage: Line voltage: 100 V≈ … 250 V≈ DC: 24 V- +-10% ------------------------------ (2) Output voltage: DC: 24 V- +-10% ------------------------------ (3) Frequency: 50 Hz or 400 Hz ------------------------------ (4) Power consumption: 50 VA Translation by JMcC, U.K. (5) 2.7.1 - 13 - GVS B 434-109/78 Permitted operating 0°C... 50°C +2°C...40°C temperature: 65 + - 10% 95 to 98% With relative -----------------------------Humidity (6) Equipment set in Shipping crate: Cipher Machine with covering lid: Cipher Machine in work location: Power Supply Unit: Dimensions: Width Height Depth Weight: 470 mm 400 mm 350 mm 38 kg 350 mm 280 mm 215 mm 19 kg 465 mm 380 mm 350 mm 16 kg 270 mm 175 mm 190 mm 6.8 kg ------------------------------ (7) Telegraph Alphabet: internal code ------------------------------ (8) Operating speed max 455 characters / min. on tape: using the keyboard: max 500 characters / min. ------------------------------ (9) Error probabilitysensitivity: (10) 5-channel tape 2.10-5 -----------------------------Width: Step Length 17.4 mm 2.54 mm (or 2.50 mm) ------------------------------ 2.1.3.Unpacking the equipment set Unpacking the equipment set is to be done in the following order: (1) Break the seals of the shipping box and remove the spring washers from the locks of the box. (2) Remove the unit from the box, remove the packaging materials and place the unit on a rubber pad on the work table. (3) Remove the lid; then take the paper-tape cassette and Translation by JMcC, U.K. 2.7.1 - 14 - GVS B 434-109/78 the paper-tape punch chad box out of the lid. (4) Insert punching roll or printing paper-tape roll into the paper-tape cassette and fit it onto onto the bracket on the rear of the machine, hook on the chad box and pull down the output chute of the punch. (5) For the Model M-125-3MN open the cover and insert the print-wheel appropriate for the required work in the machine: - Lift the lever and remove the print-wheel. - Install the required print-wheel such that the mark on the wheel and on the square axle match. Slide the spare print-wheel onto the axle on the lid of the device and lock it in place. (6) Take the Power Supply Unit out of the crate and remove the packaging material. Open the lid of the Power Supply Unit. (7) Open the storage compartment of the power device and take out the necessary power cable. 2.1.4.Ciphering elements of the Cipher Machine (Figs. 6[P86] and 7[P87]) (1) The ciphering elements of the Cipher Machine consist of ten disassemblable (Model M-125-3MN) or ten non-disassemblable (Model M-125-MN) rotors - the rotor set - and a Key-card Reader "KC - 30 x 30" Each disassemblable rotor consists of a rotor body and a inner wired disk. A spare rotor set is located in the lid of the Cipher Machine. Translation by JMcC, U.K. 2.7.1 - 15 - GVS B 434-109/78 (2) The rotor body and the side faces of the rotors of each set of rotors are each marked with one of the Russian letters А Б В Г Д Е Ж З И К and also with sequential numbering. (3) On the setting ring of each rotor and on the marker ring of the rotor body are the Russian letters: А Б В Г Д Е Ж З И К Л М Н О П Р С Т У Ф Х Ц Ч Ш Щ Ы Ь Ю Я Й (4) On the setting ring of the disassemblable rotors there is a setting mark opposite the letter А. (5) The inner wired disks of the disassemblable rotors are marked as follows: - Each of the first sides with А1, Б1, В1, Г1, Д1, Е1, Ж1, З1, И1, К1; - Each of the second sides with А2, Б2, В2, Г2, Д2, Е2, Ж2, З2, И2, К2; Next to the contact with the label, a setting mark is located on both sides. -------------------------------------------------2.1.5. Maintenance of the Cipher Machine (Approx: “All maintenance is to be done according to a different document (number given)” plus signature and date (24/11/86)? of cancellation of this page.) 2.1.5.1. General (1) The maintenance of the device may only be carried out by persons who are in possession of the operating authorisation. (2) In addition to the daily and weekly maintenance and the maintenance of the rotor sets, all maintenance activities are to be carried out in accordance with the current specific maintenance technology for the device. Translation by JMcC, U.K. 2.7.1 - 16 - GVS B 434-109/78 (3) The maintenance must comply with the following requirements: - Unplug the Cipher Machine from the power supply - Clean the Cipher Machine with a clean, dry rag, or one lightly moistened with oil or petroleum. When doing so, it is very important to ensure that the removed dirt does not fall into other parts of the machine. - Clean the electrical wiring with a dry brush. - Remove old grease with mineral spirits. Do not allow the oil, gasoline or alcohol to fall onto the electrical wiring. Allow the parts which have been cleaned with Benzine or alcohol to dry. - Only slightly oil the oil points which are marked in red. Additionally, Apply a thin film of oil to all sliding surfaces. - Remove any excess grease and oil. Signature and date (24/11/86)? of cancellation of this page. 2.1.5.2. Daily maintenance Daily maintenance is carried out in the following order: (1) Prepare the workplace, lay out the tools and materials. (2) Remove the lid and the housing from the Cipher Machine. (3) Remove the rotor set as follows (Fig. 8[P88]): - Pull the locking levers of the contact holders towards the front of the machine. - Move the setting bar upwards and towards the rear of the machine. - Pull the contact holders laterally apart, i.e. away from the rotors. - Carefully remove the rotor set, taking care not to damage the movable contacts of the right-most rotor. (4) Open the cover of the Power Supply Unit. Translation by JMcC, U.K. 2.7.1 - 17 - GVS B 434-109/78 (5) Clean dust and oil residue from the lid, the housing, the paper-tape cassette, the paper-tape punch chad box and the Power Supply Unit. (6) Clean the print-wheel with a linen cloth, slightly moistened with mineral spirits. (7) Check the condition of the print ribbon.. (8) Check the condition of the pulse group contacts "ИГ". (9) Reassemble the Cipher Machine and check for functionality as described in Section 5[P39]. 2.1.5.3 Weekly Maintenance The following parts of the Cipher Machine are to be lubricated once a week. Signature and date (24/11/86)? of cancellation of this page. (1) With teleprinter oil lubricate: - All oiling points in the Cipher Machine which are marked in red; - In the base plate, the bolt, the axle and the pins of the rod and of the frame (Fig. 8[P88]); - In the punch the felt around the guides of the punching pins (Führung der Stanzstifte), the connecting parts between the selection lever (Auswahlhebel), the intermediate levers (Zwischenhebel) and the support pieces (Auflagestücken), the axles (Achse) of the intermediate and selection levers and the bearing of the paper-tape transport shaft (Fig. 10[P90]). (2) Apply teleprinter oil: (Fig. 8[P88]) - In the rotor unit, to the axles of the fixing lever(Fixierhebel), - To the axles of the transport lever (Transporthebel) and of the sensing lever (Abfühlhebel), - To the hinges of the holder (Scharniere der Halterung) (3) To be greased with Vaseline (Fig. 11[P91]) - The worm (Schnecke) and the worm gear (Sneckenrad) of the power train. Translation by JMcC, U.K. 2.7.1 - 18 - GVS B 434-109/78 After lubricating the Cipher Machine, verify its functionality in accordance with Section 5[P39]. 2.1.5.4 Maintenance of rotor set The rotors and contact holders are to undergo maintenance after the processing of 45,000 groups: (1) Remove the spring ring from the rotor set and take the rotors off the axle (Fig. 6[P86]). (2) Grease the axle of the rotor set with technical vaseline. Signature and date (24/11/86)? of cancellation of this page. (3) Clean the left contact holder with a brush, clean the right contact holder with a linen cloth soaked in spirit. Lightly grease the contacts of the right contact holder (Fig. 8[P88]). (4) Clean the moving contacts of the rotors with a linen cloth and a stiff brush. (5) In the case of the disassemblable rotors, remove the inner wired disks. (6) Clean the stationary contacts of the rotors with a linen cloth soaked in spirit. (7) Clean the moving contacts of the rotor body with a brush (Fig. 7[P87]). (8) Check all the rotors for damage (cracks, breakage, damaged contacts). (9) Grease the fixed contacts of the rotor or of the inner wired disks lightly with Vaseline. It is forbidden to apply technical Vaseline Translation by JMcC, U.K. 2.7.1 - 19 - GVS B 434-109/78 to the movable contacts! (10) In the case of the disassemblable rotors, re-fit the inner wired disks and the lock-washer (Fig. 7[P87]). Signature and date (24/11/86)? of cancellation of this section of page. (11) Put together the rotor set and secure with the spring -ring (Fig. 6[P86]). (12) Insert the rotor set into the Cipher Machine, run the device for two minutes in Operating Mode "C" ("З") or "D" ("Р") , and then check the machine for functionality according to Section 5[P39]. 2.1.6. Packing up the equipment set The packaging of the equipment set is to be carried out in the following order: (1) Remove the power cord and put it in the storage area in the Power Supply Unit. (2) Remove the paper-tape cassette and the paper-tape punch chad box from the unit and put into the cover, slide up the output chute of punch. (3) Put the cover on the Cipher Machine and clip it shut. (4) Seal the Cipher Machine and pack it in the packaging material. (5) Clip shut the the cover of the Power Supply Unit and pack it in the packaging material. (6) Packing the equipment set in the crate, close the crate, secure with the spring rings and seal the crate. Translation by JMcC, U.K. 2.7.1 - 20 - GVS B 434-109/78 2.2. The Key Packages 2.2.1. General (1) The Key Packages for the M-125 cipher-system consist of a Daily Key Package, a Message Key Package and a Identification Group Package for general traffic. (2) The Daily Key Package contains the Daily Keys for one month. Each Daily Key consists of a Daily Key Table and a Key Card. The Daily Key has a validity of 24 hours. (3) For inter-working with machines which have only nondisassemblable rotors, use the Daily Key Tables for nondisassemblable rotors "Daily Key Tables for disassemblable and non-disassemblable rotors can be used." 2.2.2. Retrieval, verification, storage and destruction. The verification, storage and destruction of The Key Packages (Daily Key Tables, Punched Key-cards, Message Key Tables, Identification Group Tables) are based upon the "rules and regulations of the GDR for enciphering" ("Regelungen und Bestimmungen für das Chiffrierwesen der DDR") in accordance with the appropriate provisions. (1) The Daily Key Table and the Punched Key-card should only be retrieved from the respective package when they are needed for immediate work. The retrieval of the Daily Key Tables and the Punched Key-card are to be shown by date and signature symbol or emblem “signum”(?) in the respective signature sheet. (2) Once Message Keys for the individual and the circular traffic have been used, Identification Groups are to be removed from the Identification Translation by JMcC, U.K. 2.7.1 - 21 - GVS B 434-109/78 Group Tables. The Message Key Table is deleted, to be signed by the user with the date of use, and to left for destruction in the Message Key Package. (3) Damaged, invalid or compromised Daily Key Tables, Punched Key-cards and Message Key Tables are not to be used for enciphering. In the case of Message Key Tables, the next noncompromised Message Key is to be used. (4) All Key Packages, including those withdrawn, unused or unusable for processing are to be stored for destruction so that access is impossible for unauthorised persons. (5) Unless otherwise instructed, used, unused, or unusable Daily Key Tables, Message Key Tables, Punched Key-cards, and completely used up Identification Group Tables, are to be destroyed within 48 hours. (6) The destruction of Key Packages is to be consistently confirmed with date and two signatures. (Handwritten instructions concerning required documentation when Daily Key Tables are destroyed) 2.2.3. Daily Key Package (1) The cover of the Daily Key Package includes the following markings: - OSB-25-MN for disassemblable rotors, OSB-25-N and OS-25 for non-disassemblable rotors, - Serial number, - Copy number, - Classification level, - Effective period. Translation by JMcC, U.K. 2.7.1 - 22 - GVS B 434-109/78 (2) Each Daily Key Package includes: - 31 Daily Key Tables - 31 Punched Key-cards for the Key-card Reader "KC-30 x 30", - 1 signature sheet to indicate key retrieval. The Tables and Punched Key-cards are numbered consecutively from 1 to 31. By this numbering the validity period (date) is determined. (3) Each Daily Key Table for use with disassemblable rotors contains 8 groups of five letters and 2 groups of five numbers as shown in Fig. 1[P22]. When using non-disassemblable rotors only the 1st and 2nd rows of this table are to be used as described in Section 2.2.3(4)[P23]. ИДЖЗА ОСАНЕ БДВИА 2II22 КУЛКЮ ВКБГЕ РТБВЕ ГЕЗКЖ I22I2 ЫXВУГ 14 Figure 1. Daily Key Table for use with disassemblable rotors. The values of the five rows, each containing two groups of five characters, are as shown in order below: - The 1st line determines the arrangement of the rotors on their axle. - The 2nd line determines the position of the setting mark of the respective setting ring to the letter of the associated marker ring. - The 3rd line determines the order of the letters marked for the inner wired disks within the Translation by JMcC, U.K. 2.7.1 - 23 - GVS B 434-109/78 rotor bodies of which the sequence has already been defined by the first line. The two groups of five may contain the letters А Б В Г Д Е Ж З И К only once each, otherwise the Daily Key is not to be used for processing text. - The 4th line determines (in the order of the inner wired disks of the associated rotor bodies), which side of the respective inner wired disks must be visible from the outside. - The 5th line determines the position of the setting mark line to the respective inner wired disks of the associated marker ring. (4) Every Daily Key Table for use with non-disassemblable rotors contains 4 five-letter groups in the configuration specified in Figure 2 below. БЖКАГ ФРМКЕ ИЕВДЗ УЗЧГР 14 БЖКАГ ФРМКЕ УЗЧГР ИЕВДЗ 14 or Figure 2 Daily Key Tables for use with non-disassemblable rotors. The values of the two or three rows, each containing one or more groups of five characters, are as shown in order below: - The two groups of five letters in the 1st line determine the arrangement of the rotors on their axle. Translation by JMcC, U.K. 2.7.1 - 24 - GVS B 434-109/78 These two groups of five letters may contain the letters А Б В Г Д Е Ж З И К only once each; if not, this Daily Key is not to be used for text editing. - The two groups of five letters on the 2nd line, or on the 2nd and 3rd lines together, determine the initial position of the rotors on their axle to create the key groups (enciphering of the Identification Groups) for general traffic. (5) Each Key Card (Fig. 3 below) contains 30 perforations, of which each row and each column has only one. Fig.3 Key Card No. 14. 2.2.4 Message Key Package (1) The envelope of the Message Key Package contains the following notation: Translation by JMcC, U.K. 2.7.1 - 25 - GVS B 434-109/78 - KV-25-MN or KV-25-N (designation for the individual traffic) ZV-25-MN and ZV-25-N (designation for the circular traffic). - Serial number, - Copy number (unless instructed otherwise, copy 1 for enciphering, the other copy is for deciphering), - Level of secrecy. (2) Each Message Key Package includes: - 40 Message Key Tables - 2 Identification Group tables - 2 signature sheets. (3) Each Message Key Table for the individual or circular traffic contains two key groups (two groups of five letters each) - the Message Key – which determine the initial position of the rotors on their axle. The Message Keys within a package are consecutively numbered in accordance with the Message Key Tables from 01 to 40. Figure 4 Message Key Table Once used, these key groups must not be reused for enciphering. (4) Each Identification Group Table (see Figure 5[P26]) contains of 20 groups of five letters (for Letter-Number cipher texts) and 20 groups of five numbers (for Number cipher texts). Regardless of the type of text, the Identification Groups for the Message Key being used (groups of five letters and numbers) are to be struck out. Translation by JMcC, U.K. 2.7.1 (For letter-digit cipher text) - 26 - GVS B 434-109/78 (For Number cipher text) Fig.5 Identification Group Tables 2.2.5. Identification Group Packages for general traffic (1) Identification Group Packages for general traffic contain the following notation on the envelope: - Type number, - Serial number, - Level of secrecy. Each Identification Group Package includes: - 50 Identification Group Tables - 1 signature sheet. (2) Each Identification Group Table contains 48 Identification Groups for use with 24 messages. (3) Two directly adjacent groups of five characters are to be used in each case for the formation of a Message Key. Translation by JMcC, U.K. 2.7.1 - 27 - GVS B 434-109/78 Identification Groups can only be used once each to form a Message Key. 2.3. Key Validity (1) The Daily Key is time-dependent, and has a 24 hour validity. The key change time is 00:01 o'clock. (2) The Message Key is valid only for one message. (3) Daily Key Tables and Punched Key-cards, which cannot be used due to damage or compromise, are to be reported to the control centre of the key area (the enciphering post responsible for the enciphered connection) by enciphered message or via courier. The new Daily Key (or a new set of Daily Keys) is to be sent enciphered by the control centre or by courier. (4) When using disassemblable rotors, after the expiry of the validity period of a key, and when putting the rotor set into storage, the setting marks of the setting rings are to be set to A; the inner wired disks are to be fitted into their matching rotor bodies (i.e. those with the same labelling), in position A (with side 1 outwards) and secured. The rotors (both disassemblable and non-disassemblable) are to be arranged in alphabetical order on the axle and secured with the spring ring. Translation by JMcC, U.K. 2.7.1 - 28 - GVS B 434-109/78 3. Pre-editing of plain-texts 3.1. General (1) Model M-125-3MN has two registers and can, after the appropriate print-wheel has been installed, be used either for processing German plain-texts only, or for processing Russian plain-text together with pure Number texts only. (2) It is important to ensure that the appropriate pre-editing method of the plain-text for the connection being used (Letters-Numbers-Special Characters/German or Russian, LettersNumbers/German, Letters/Russian, or Numbers) is consistently adhered to,in to obviate misunderstandings (see Figure 12[P91]): - When using the Latin print-wheel, the red Letters, Numbers and Special Characters on the keyboard apply for Letter-Number-Special Characters text and for Letter-Number text (10/30 Modulus switch to 30). - When using the Russian print-wheel, the blue Letters, Numbers and Special Characters on the keyboard apply for Letter-Number-Special Character text and for Letter text (10/30 Modulus switch to 30); For the processing of pure Number text, the blue Number keys on the grey background apply (10/30 Modulus switch to 10). (3) In pre-edited plain-text, the group of letters "BBBBB" ("БББББ") is to be enciphered as the first group, when both pre-editing for plain-text (Letter-Number-Special Characters text and Letters-Numbers text) is allowed in the Key Area , and the plain-text is being pre-edited as Letter-Number text (Text Mode switch on the Model M-125-3MN is set to the "Bu" ("Б")) position). (4) Any Latin/Russian letters which occur in German/Russian Russian/German texts respectively, are to be implemented as shown in the Translation by JMcC, U.K. 2.7.1 - 29 - GVS B 434-109/78 following table in Russian/Latin letters: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z А Б Ц Д Е Ф Г Х И Ш К Л М Н О П Я Р С Т У Ж В Ъ Ы Э When using Latin/Russian letters, letters converted into Russian/Latin using the table above are to be marked with the Service Code "RUS"/ "ЛАТ" within bracket/slash characters (Example 1[P77]). (5) Single space character is to be used: - between successive words, between hours and minutes, before and after numeric characters, commonly used abbreviations, etc. (Examples 2[P77], 3[P77], 6[P78], 8[P79], 9[P79], 13[P80], 14[P80]) - between important letters or difficult proper names (Examples 4[P78], 6[P78], 12[P80]), - instead of punctuation (hyphen, etc.) in place and street names (Example 11[P80]). (6) Two space characters are to be used: - before and after proper names, closed expressions, words, figures, and names that were already divided by single spaces for better understanding or for other reasons (Examples 1[P77], 3[P77], 4[P78], 6[P78]), - before and after repetition of proper names and designations (Examples 4[P78], 6[P78], 8[P79]), - instead of commas if misunderstanding cannot happen (Example 6[P78]). (7) Fivefold spaces are to be used when in the plain-text a paragraph occurs. (8) Roman numerals can be introduced in repetitions, depending on whether there is German or Russian plain-text, by the indicator "RÖM", "ROEM" or "РИМ" if misunderstandings are possible. Their presentation can be Translation by JMcC, U.K. 2.7.1 - 30 - GVS B 434-109/78 carried out by the corresponding Latin or Russian characters or by Arabic numerals (Example 2[P77]). (9) Tables are to be prepared in the row order that was specified by the sender. In order to maintain the unique order of the columns, the column headings, and the information within each column are to be enumerated by letters of the alphabet in alphabetical order(Example 3[P77]). (10) Characters with diacritics in Letter-Number-Special characters text are to be pre-edited as Latin texts. For diacritics in a repetition, the replacement units set out in the table[P85] are to be used. The replacement unit is to directly follow the Latin character to which the diacritical mark is associated (Example 5[P78]). (11) Repeats are important for proper names, vehicle, unit and type designations, dates, coordinates, words with diacritics, and words with Russian characters. They are to announced by the indicator "RPT" (repetition) (Examples 4[P78], 5[P78], 6[P78]). (12) Redirects are generally only permitted if the exists no direct enciphered connection by a unit to another, or if the enciphered connection is temporarily suspended. - The message is to be enciphered via the nearest available service, which has an enciphered connection with the receiver, in order to enable forwarding. - By the sending unit is "VVVVV" (= to be forwarded) to be sent as the first plain-text group, the entire final Translation by JMcC, U.K. 2.7.1 - 31 - GVS B 434-109/78 recipient and the sender are then to be enciphered. - The forwarding unit deciphers the message. The message is then to be processed with a new key. The receiver and the entire original sender are to be enciphered. (Example 7[P79]). (13) When correcting errors, the indicator "NN" to to be used, continuing with the first newly revised word (Example 5[P78]). If misunderstandings are possible, the entire section is to be repeated. 3.2. Plain-Text Processing - Outline (1) Unless otherwise instructed, each plain-text which is to be enciphered, should be enciphered as follows, taking into account the text arrangement declared by the sender: - Classification (in VS, the registration number), - Receiver - Actual text (possibly with repetitions, continuation notes, etc.), - Sender. (2) In traffic between cipher posts, the recipients and senders can be omitted. The same is true with repeated reports, corrections, etc., from which it is clear who are recipients and senders. (3) Abbreviations of the plain-text are permissible if misunderstandings are not possible, and letter-by-letter faithful reproduction of the plain-text is not required. (4) Longer plain-texts are to be split depending on the rules applicable in the areas of application of the system's operating service regulations, if the length of the cipher-text significantly exceeds 300 groups. Corresponding to the number of parts into which the plain-text is to be divided, Translation by JMcC, U.K. 2.7.1 - 32 - GVS B 434-109/78 in the first part of the message, after the sender, there is to be a section of the form "This is part one of two / three / etc. parts, VS-No." (for a non-classified message, the FS-No. replaces the VS-No.). In the following parts (except for the last) before each plaintext part, there is to be a section of the form "This is part two / three / etc., VS-No." (For a non-classified message, the FS-No.) In the last part, before the plain-text part, there is to be a section of the form "End of VS-No."(for a non-classified message, the FS-No.). 3.3. Pre-editing the plain-texts in the Letter-Number-Special Characters Text Mode (Model M-125-3MN, Text Mode switch set to "Bu"("Б") "Mi"("С")). (1) When working as a two-register machine the plain-text (German or Russian) is to be pre-edited considering in Sections 3.1[P28]. and 3.2[P31] determinations made in accordance with the message operating regulations valid in the area. (2) When entering the plain-texts it is important to ensure, when shifting from one keyboard shift to the other, that the keyboard shift key (1... or A...) is pressed, as the keyboard shifts are not locked to each other. 3.4 Pre-editing German language plain-texts in the LetterNumber Text Mode (Models M-125-MN and M-125-3MN, Text Mode switch set to "Bu" ("Б")) (1) Special characters and letters which don't exist on the keyboard are replaced as follows: Ä - AE ß - SZ W - VV Ö - OE J - I X - KS Ü - UE Q - KV Y - I Are words written locked so the quoted letter pairs are inseparable. (Examples 2[P77], 3[P77], 4[P78], 6[P78], 8[P78], 11[P80], 12[P80]) Translation by JMcC, U.K. 2.7.1 - 33 - GVS B 434-109/78 (2) Punctuation marks should be presented as follows: , - KOMMA - - STRICH . - PKT / - SSTRICH : - DKPT ? - FRAGEZEICHEN () - KL (Examples 1[P77], 8[P79], 9[P79]) Punctuation may be omitted, if misunderstandings are not possible (Examples 3[P77], 11[P80]). (3) Characters that are not on the keyboard, and which are not the punctuation marks shown above, are to be written out as words in full (Example 10[P79]). (4) Clarification characters, corresponding to the original spelling of proper names, are to be doubled if a clear interpretation of each letter must be ensured and no repetition is provided (Example 8[P79]). (5) Number and Letter-Number sequences are to be passed unchanged in pre-edited plain-text. Numbers which are not available on the keyboard are to be replaced by letters: Digit: 0 1 Letter: O I Characters occurring in Number- or Letters-Number sequences are to be pre-edited according to sub-section (2) above, if misunderstandings would otherwise be possible (Examples 1[P77], 2[P77]). (6) Ordinal numbers are to be written with the abbreviation "PKT" (Example 9[P79]). If the current day number of the month is used in conjunction with the month number, then to avoid misinterpretation, the abbreviation "PKT" can be used (Example 14[P80]). Translation by JMcC, U.K. 2.7.1 - 34 - GVS B 434-109/78 (7) Times are to be written thus: - whole hours as two-digit numbers; - hours with minutes as four-digit numbers written without punctuation (Example 13[P80]). (8) Month names are to be written in the following form as abbreviations: IAN, FEB, MAERZ, APRIL, MAI, IUNNI, IULLI, AUG, SEPT, OKT, NOV, DEZ (Example 14[P80]) (9) In repetitions, the bigrams AE, OE, UE, SZ, KV, VV and KS are to be doubled if they are identical to the original spelling, (Example 6[P78]). In repetitions, J is to be replaced by IOT and Y by IPS (Example 6[P78]). In repetitions, figures being sent in disturbed channels in A1mode should be written out in words (Example 1[P77]). 3.5. Pre-editing pure Number text (Model M-125-3MN, Text Mode switch set to "Zi" ("Ц")) (1) It is important to note that it is necessary that the print-wheel with Russian characters be used (note Figure 12[P91]). (2) The Text Mode switch is to be set to "Zi" ("Ц") (Number text), and the 10/30 Modulus switch is to be set to "10". (3) Only texts may be enciphered, which can, by means of special provisions (code form, substitution tables, etc.) be converted such that they consist of pure Number text. . It is strictly prohibited, to enter other characters (punctuation marks, letters, spacing) for enciphering. (When inputting using punched paper-tape, each character Translation by JMcC, U.K. 2.7.1 - 35 - GVS B 434-109/78 which is not a number will result in a no-holes character on the tape.) Translation by JMcC, U.K. 2.7.1 - 36 - GVS B 434-109/78 4. Commissioning the equipment set 4.1. General (1) The Cipher Machine must be placed in a secured area / stop band as defined in the appropriate safety regulations concerning cipher-systems. The radius of the controlled zone must be at least 10 m. (2) The equipment set - the Cipher Machine (with rotor set and print-wheel), the power supply and the power supply cable – must, when working, be kept clear of other communication equipment (radio receiving and transmitting equipment, powerline communication equipment, microwave equipment, etc.) and must be kept clear of all other cables which go beyond the controlled zone, maintaining a minimum distance of 0.5 m. (3) Prior to commissioning the equipment set, ensure that - the available supply (AC or DC) and the line voltage have been determined, - on the Model M-125-3MN the screw under the Baseplate is to be set to: "ВКЛ."(On) when the Output Mode switch is set to "DL" ("ПФ"), when simultaneous printing and punching are required; "ОТКЛ." (Off) when only punching is required and the required print-wheel (Latin or Russian) is inserted, - the corresponding Daily Key is set (See Section 7.2[P48].) - the lever "Transmit <---> Receive" ("Передача в линию <---> Прием") (right of the unit) to "Transmit" ("Передача в линию") is, - the paper-tape is fed into the Cipher Machine. Translation by JMcC, U.K. 2.7.1 - 37 - GVS B 434-109/78 4.2. Operations when working with AC voltage (127/220V) (1) Set the power type switch on the Power Supply Unit to "Netz~"("СЕТЬ~") . (2) Set the Power Switch of the Cipher Machine to "Off" ("ВЫКЛ"). (3) Connect the Cipher Machine to the output of the Power Supply Unit (labelled ("Maschine" or "Gerät" ("МAШИНА")). (4) Control switch on the power supply in the middle ("1" or "0") position. (5) Connect the Power Supply Unit ("Input ~" ("ВXОД ~")) using the power cable to the mains power supply. (6) Set the voltage selector switch ("НАПРЯЖЕНИЕ") on the Power Supply Unit to "250". (7) Set the Power Switch of the Cipher Machine to "On" ("ВКЛ"). (The components within the Cipher Machine establish their starting positions.) (8) Output Mode switch is in the "DL" ("ПФ") switch (Printing and Punching). (9) Set the Operating Mode switch in position "D" ("Р") (Deciphering) or "C" ("З") (Enciphering). (10) Press the "On" ("ПУСК") key of the tape-reader and using the voltage selector switch ("НАПРЯЖЕНИЕ") and the control switch of the Power Supply Unit, set an output voltage of 24V ± 2.4V. (11) Cipher Machine off. Translation by JMcC, U.K. 2.7.1 - 38 - GVS B 434-109/78 4.3. Operations when working with DC voltage (24v) The power switch on the PSU must be set to "Off" ("ВЫКЛ"), (1) Set the Power Type switch of the Power Supply Unit to "Netz="("СЕТЬ="). (2) Set the Power Switch of the Cipher Machine to "Off" ("ВЫКЛ"). (3) Connect the Cipher Machine to the output (labelled ("Maschine" or "Gerät" ("МAШИНА")) of the Power Supply Unit. (4) Connect the Power Supply Unit ("Maschine 24 V" ("ВXОД 24")) via a power cable to the DC power supply or a battery. (5) Set the power switch of the Power Supply Unit to "On" ("ВКЛ"). (6) Set the Power Switch of the Cipher Machine to "On" ("ВКЛ"). (The components within the Cipher Machine establish their starting positions.) (7) Output Mode switch to "DL" ("ПФ") switch (Printing and Punching). (8) Set the Operating Mode switch in position "D" ("Р") (Deciphering) or "C" ("З") (Enciphering).